Textbook  of 


l\ 


MPLIFIED 


«   PHONOGRAPHY, 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  SCHOOLS  AND  TEACHERS,  AND  SPECIALLY 
ADAPTED  TO  MAIL  OR  SLLF  INSTRUCTION. 


BY  CHARLES  CURRIER  BEALE. 


six  III    EDITK  VISED    AND    ENLARGED,    COPYRIGHTED  1890. 


BOSTON,     MASS.: 

BEALE    PUBLISHING    CO.,     180    WASHINGTON   ST. 

1890. 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


ERRATA  AND  CORRIGENDA. 

The  following  mistakes  have  been  no- 
ticed while  the  work  was  going  through  the 
press : 

IN  READING  EXERCISES: 

Lesson  III.  Line  9,  word  6;  read  meein- 
stead  of  knee.  Line  10,  word  5;  read  work 
instead  oiwhirk. 

Lesson  IV.  Line  2,  last  word,  unload, 
for  umload.  Line  3,  word  2,  them  for  then. 

Lesson  V.  Last  line,  word  9,  them  for 
then, 

Lesson  VI.  Last  line,  word  2,  random 
for  rantom. 

Lesson  VII.  Part  i.  Line  5,  word  3,  de- 
sijns  for  desims.  Part  2.  Line  2,  words  7  und 
8,  sent  and  send  for  semt  and  semd. 

Lesson  VIII.  Line  I,  word  12,  instruct 
for  imstruet. 

Lesson  IX.  Last  line,  word  7,  slim  for 
.Jin. 

Lesson  X.  Last  line,  last  word,  problem 
for  ploblem . 

LSsson  XL     Line  3,  word  3,  s  for  tj. 

Lesson  XII.     Line  2,  word  4,  n  for  in. 

Lesson  XIV.  Part  2.  Line  i,  word  7,;; 
for  m. 

Lesson  XV.     Line  I,  word  3,  b  for/. 

IN  LETTER  PRESS: 

Lesson  X.  Line  2,  word  6.  read  peep  for 
keep. 

Page  48.     Advice  for  advise. 
PaSe  53-     Business  Phrases.     Line  7,  Ev- 
ery other  for  Every  thing. 

8®^  Notification  as  to  any  further  mistakes 
will  he  thankfully  received.  The  advance  de- 
mand for  this  book  has  been  so  large  as  to 
warrant  the  immediate  preparation  of  another 
edition,  in  which  these  errors  will  be  corrected 


Textbook  of 


SIMPLIFIED 


PHONOGRAPHY 


FOR  THE  USE  OF  SCHOOLS  OR  TEACHERS  AND  SPECIALLY 
ADAPTED  TO  MAIL  OR  SELF  INSTRUCTION 


BY     CHARLES     CURRIER    3EALE 


SIXTH    EDITION,    REVISED    AND    ENLARGED,    COPYRIGHTED    1890 


BOSTON,     MASS.: 

BEALE    PUBLISHING    CO.,     180    WASHINGTON    ST. 

MDCCCXC 


INTRODUCTORY. 

The  development  of  the  system  of  shorthand  which  we  have 
endeavored  to  explain  in  the  following  pages,  is  the  outcome  of  the 
experience  in  teaching  of  the  author,  who  found  the  systems  previ- 
ously in  use,  defective  in  many  points,  so  far  as  clearness,  simplicity, 
and  rapidity  of  acquisition  are  concerned.  He  has,  therefore,  in  the 
method  here  presented,  avoided  in  every  case  the  ambiguity  and  ne- 
cessity for  exceptions,  which  all  the  previous  systems  have  shown  to 
a  lamentable  degree,  and  leaving  the  beaten  track,  followed  by  all 
the  successors  of  the  pioneer  Isaac  Pitman,  he  has  pursued  a  rational, 
straight- forward  course,  using  but  few  principles,  with  no  exceptions, 
giving  the  rules  in  the  natural  order  of  sequence,  and  wherever  the 
old  systems  were  vague  or  defective,  he  has  harmonized  the  princi- 
ples or  introduced  new  principles,  utilizing  the  phonographic  materi- 
al in  such  a  way  as  to  combine  simplicity,  uniformity,  facility  and 
beauty  of  writing,  absence  of  exceptions,  and  absolute  legibility,  with 
a  degree  of  real  brevity  unequalled  and  unapproached  by  any  former 
system. 


•3:     t 
/?<?0 
SI, Ml* LIFTED    PHONOGRAPHY  3 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SIXTH  EDITION. 

In  the  fall  of  1885  the  author  published  the  first  course  of  les- 
sons in  Simplified  Phonography.  They  consisted  simply  of  twelve 
slips  of  engraved  exercises,  and  required  the  oral  explanation  of  the 
teacher  to  supplement  them.  They  proved  so  remarkably  success- 
ful, however,  that  immediate  preparations  were  made  to  publish  a 
more  complete  set  of  lessons.  Accordingly,  in  the  fall  of  the  next 
year  a  beautifully  engraved  and  carefully  prepared  set  of  lessons 

E3  were  printed  in  Stcnograpliy,  a  shorthand  magazine  of  which  the  au- 
thor was  then  editor.  The  favorable  reception  which  these  later  les- 

c  sons  met  caused  the  publication  early  in   the  following  year,   of  the 

2  first  edition  of  this  text-book.      It  was  a  modest  volume  of  thirty-two 
pages,  but  the  results  achieved  with  its  aid,  have  surpassed   those    of 

^  any  other  similar  book.      It  rapidly  passed  through  five    editions,  all, 
*     however,  printed  from  the  same  plates,  during  all  of  which   time   the 
z    author  has  been  engaged  upon  the  present  work,  which  was  contem- 
plated from  the  outset,  and  which,  it  is  believed,  marks  an  era  in  the 
production   of  phonographic   text-books.     No    labor,   pains,   or   ex- 

3  pcnse,  has   been   spared  to  make-  the    book   perfect   in   every   detail 
§  and  without  further  introduction,  the  author  delivers  it  into  the  hand 

of  the  purchaser,  feeling  that  he  has  done  what  he   could   to  smooth 
th  j  pathway  to  stenographic  proficiency. 

THE  AUTHOR. 

Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  I,  1890. 


452170 


4 


SIMPL IFIED    PNO.\  'OGR, 4  PHY 


Lesson   One. 


STRAIGHT  CONSONANTS. 


SIGN 

\ 

x 

| 

/ 

/ 

^ 

SOUND 

P 

B 

T 

D 

CH 

J 

K 

G 

R 

Asm 

EIE 

BUY 

5 

DIE 

CHEW 

JOY 

KEY 

Go 

Row 

NAME 

PEE 
EP 

BEE 
EB 

TEE 
ET 

DEE 
ED 

GHEE 
ECH 

JEE 
Ex 

KEE 
EK 

GEE 
EG 

REE 
ER 

*  The  upper  name  is  for  the  consonant  when  it  begins  a  sylla- 
ble ;  the  lower  when  it  ends  a  syllable.  Do  not  confound  the  name 
with  the  sound.  The  first  stroke  is  named  Pec  or  Ep,  but  expresses 
only  the  sound  of/. 

LONG  VOWELS  AND  DIFTHONGS. 


SIGN 

• 

- 

i 

A 

V 

> 

< 

SOUND 

A 

E 

T 

o 

"u 

01 

ou 

Asm 

BATE 

BEET 

BITE 

BOAT 

BOOT 

BOY 

BOUT 

NAME 

A 

E 

1 

0 

U 

01 

OW 

SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY          o 

SOUNDS. 

Pee  or  Ep  as  in  />ay  or  na/> ;  Bee  or  Eb  as  in  £ay  or  cab ;  7i,v  or 
Et  as  in  /ea  or  ne/;  Zk£  or  ^/  as  in  do  or  la^/;  £7/^£  or  Ech  (Etch) 
as  in  chew  or  ear/* ;  y^  or  Ej  (Edge)  as  in  joy  or  a^-e ;  Kce  or  Ek 
as  in  £ey  or  lac/£ ;  GV^  or  £^  (Egg)  as  in^-o  or  bog-;  Ree  or  £>  as  in 
rye  or  oar. 

rt  as  in  pay,  m<7te,  mve ;  c  as  in  m^,  tea,  sltrp ;  /  as  i.n  s/gh,  rny, 
f/e ;  0  as  in  0h,  snow,  g0;  u  as  in  t//ne,  tu'zt/,  r«de,  bwt;  t?/  as  in  bo/1, 
t<y,  albj/;  o//  as  in  b0//gh,  cow,  allow. 

RULES. 

1.  Pee,  Bee,  Tee,  Dee,  Chee,  Jee  are  written  downward',  Kee 
and  Gee  from  left  to  fig/it]  Ree,   upward.     This   rule  must  never  be 
violated. 

NOTE.  Notice  in  the  reading  exercise  following,  that  Chee  and 
Jce,  which  are  always  written  downward,  are  made  much  nearer  the 
perpendicular  than  Ree,  which  is  always  written  upward,  thus  mak- 
ing a  distinction  between  Chee  and  Ree. 

2.  The  vowels  are  written  beside  downward    or   upward  stems, 
(consonants),  on  the  left  if  the  vowel  is  sounded  before  the  consonant, 
on  the  right  if  it  is  sounded  after  the  consonant ;  the  vowels  are  writ- 
ten above  horizontal  strokes  [The  sign  for  a  consonant  is   variously 
termed  stem,  stroke,  or  consonant;  any  sign,  whether  vowel,  conso- 
nant or  other  combination  is  called  a  character.]  if  the  vowel  is  sound- 
ed before  the  consonant,  and  below  if  it  is  sounded  after  \\\e  consonant. 

NOTE.  There  is  no  particular  position  in  which  the  vowels  are 
written,  but  it  is  best  to  put  them  near  the  end  of  the  stroke,  to  avoid 
backward  movements. 

3.  The  long  vowels  must  be  made  heavy  (but  not  large),  as 
they  represent  the  long  or  heavy  sounds  as  given  above.     When  the 
vowels  are  written  alone  a  stands  for  "a"  (an) ;  e  for  "He"  ;  /  for  "I" ; 
o  for  "O,"  "oh,"  "owe"  ;  ow  for  "how"  ;  and  either  half  of  n  for  "you." 


6 


PHQNOGltAPHY 


NOTE.  The  sounds  of  the  long  vowels  and  difthongs  may  be 
memorized  by  the  sentence  "M<?y  \\c  f/nd  gold  to  coin  out,"  which 
contains  the  vowel  sounds  in  their  regular  order. 

The  following  exercise  is  to  be  copied  ten  times,  pronouncing  the 
names  of  the  signs  as  each  is  made,  to  train  the  eye,  ear,  and  hand 
at  the  same  time. 


Chee    Jee    Chee   Jee  Chee  Jee  Ree 
Ree  Ree 

Kee  Gee  Kee  Gee  Kee  Gee 


a  e  i  o  u  oi  ou 


a  e  i  o  u  oi  ou 


Pee    Tee    Chee    Ree  Kee  Bee  Dee 
Jee  Gee 

a  u  i  ou  e  o  oi  u  ou  a  i  e 

Pee-a    bee-e    tee-i    dee-o    chee-u 
jee-oi  ree-ou  gee-o 

a-ep  ou-et  i-ed  e-ech  a-ej  e-er  i-eg 

Pee-tee  pee-dee  pee-bee  pee-chee 
pee-jee  pee'-ree  pee-kee  pee-gee 

Bee-chee    bee-ree    bee-gee      bee- 
tee    pee-tee     pee-dee    chee-kee 

Chee-gee  chee-pee   kee-pee    kee- 
tee  kee-chee  kee-gee 

Kee-ree  gee-jee    Ree-tee  chee-ree 
chee-jee  ree-kee  ree-pee 


\\N\\ 


II  II  II 


—     I    A    V    >  <      »—  I  A  V> 


\      /— 


V      I      <    —    A      >V<»     I  — 


.\.  .  L  /v  LS*  - 


\ ././  /-I 


7 


/ 


4.  Every  word  is  written   in  shorthand   in  accordance  with   its 
sounds;  thus,  keep  =  k-e-p  ;  pay  =  p-a  ;  bean  =  b-o.      The  hard   or 
guttural  sound  of  g  as  in^X),  zgg,  is  represented   by  gee,  and   the  soft 
sound,  as  in  ^-ern    or    a^e    by  jee.     All    silent    letters    arc    dropped. 
Where  double  letters  occur  only  one  is  written,  unless  both  are  strong- 
ly pronounced.      Where  the  ordinary  spelling  is  faulty,  shorthand   is 
exact;  thus,  plionograpliy  =  f-o-n-o-g-r-a-f-i. 

5.  The  first  upward  or  downward  stroke  of  a  word  rests  on  the 
line  if  downward,  or  begins  on  the  line  if  upward;  preceding  or  fol- 
lowing strokes  need  not  necessarily  touch  the  line,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  exercises.     All  the  consonants  sounded  in  a  word  are  written  to- 
gether without  lifting  pen  or  pencil,  and  the  vowels    or    difthongs 
placed  in  their  proper  places  afterward.      Place  the  vowel  always  be- 
side the  stem  which  occurs  with  it  in   a  syllable;  if  the  vowel  comes 
between  two  consonants  in  the  same  syllable,  it  is  better  to  place  it 
before  the  second.     When  two  vowels  occur  following  or  preceding 
a  single  consonant,  the  first  vowel  is  placed  near  the  beginning  of  the 
stroke  and  the  second  near  the  end  of  the  stroke.     This  can  only  oc- 
cur when  the  two  vowels  begin  or  end  a  word,  as  in  other  cases  there 
would  be  a  consonant  before  and  after,  beside  which  to  write  the  vowels. 

READING  EXERCISES. 

(J£3?D  The  following  and  all  succeeding  exercises  must  be  written 
and  read  at  least  ten  times  (a  hundred  would  not  be  too  many),  and 
the  pupil  must  be  sure  that  he  is  perfectly  familiar  with  the  reading 
exercise  before  taking  up  the  writing  exercise. 

READING  EXERCISE  I. 


_^  x 

Y_vX 

A/       \V       •/    

^ 

^^» 

A 

U  ^. 

j 

A 

1      \»    <i  -/'        \. 

•s-  — 

\. 

8 SIMPLIFIED    Pll o.YQC II. JPHY 

WRITING  EXERCISE  I. 

Aid  be  boy  cheap  day    due   ere    keep    our    page    tea.      Go  out. 
Keep  out. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 
Oh,  how  do  I  pay  each  boy?  (To  be  written  fifty  times.) 


REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  Be  sure  to  make  the  heavy  strokes  very  heavy  and  the  light 
strokes  very  light. 

2.  Be  sure  to  slant  Pee  and  Bee  and  Ree  sufficiently  to    distin- 
guish them  readily  from  other  strokes. 

3.  Make  all  stems  same  length. 

4.  Always  make  Ree  upward. 

5.  Make  the  characters  slowly  and  accurately,  as  in  drawing, 
in  order  to  acquire  a  neat  style  of  writing.     Do  not  erase  or  go  over 
the  same  stroke  twice.      Make    the    shaded    strokes    by    bearing    on 
your  pen  or  pencil.     Do  not  use  too  hard  pencils  or  too  stiff  pens. 
Our  pens  and  pencils  made  especially  for  this  work  are  the  best  and 
cost  no  more  than  ordinary  and  much  poorer  kinds. 

6.  The  whole  aonsonant  outline  of  the  word  should  be  made 
without  lifting  the  pencil ;  then  put  the  vowels  in  their  proper  places, 
as  in  longhand  we  dot  an  i  or  cross  a  /  after  the  rest  of  the  word  has 
been  written. 


SI.MI'LIPIKIt 


i. 


Lesson  Two 


CURVED  CONSONANTS. 


SIGN 

V 

k 

( 

( 

) 

) 

2 

A 

SOUND 

F 

V 

iH 

CT 

SopZ 

Q,u 

SH 

Y 

As  IN 

FIE 

VIE 

THE 

ACT 

So 

QUITE 

SHE 

YES 

NAME 

EF 
FEE 

Ev 

VEE 

ETH 

THEE 

Ecr 

Es 

SEE 

CtUEE 

ESH 

OHEE 

YEE 

No  IK  i.  As  in  the  preceding  lesson,  when  two  names  are  given, 
the  first  is  for  the  sound  when  it  commences  a  syllable,  and  the  sec- 
ond when  it  ends  a  syllable.  Quee,  Yee,  Wee,  Whee,  and  Hee  only 
occur  at  the  beginning  of  syllables.  Ect,  Ex,  and  Eng  only  occur 
at  the  end  of  syllables. 

NOTE  2.  Esh  and  El  are  written  always  upward.  Em,  En,  Eng 
and  Hee  always  from  left  to  right,  and  the  rest  of  the  curved  strokes 
downward. 


SIGN 

r 

r 

\ 

iS 

^^/ 

v^x 

SOUND 

L 

X 

W 

WH 

N 

NG 

M 

H 

As  IN 

LIE 

AX 

WE 

V/HY 

No 

HANG 

ME 

HE 

NAME 

Ei_ 
LEE 

Ex 

WEE 

WHEE 

EN 

NEE 

ENG 

EM 
MEE 

HEE 

10 


The  following  exercise  is  to  be  copied  ten  times,  pronouncing  the 
names  of  the  signs  as  each  is  made,  to  train  the  eye,  ear,  and  hand 
at  the  same  time. 

1  v  Fee   Vee  Fee  Vee  Fee  Vee  Thee 
Ect  Thee  Ect  Thee  Ect 

See  Quee    See    Quee    See    Quee 
Shee  Yee  Shee  Yee  Shee  Yee  t 

Lee  Ex    Lee    Ex    Lee    Ex    Wee 
Whee  Wee  Whee  Wee  Whee 


/r/r/r 


Nee  Eng  Nee  Eng  Nee  Eng 
Mee  Hee  Mee  Hee  Mee  Hee 

Fee-fee  Vee-vee  Fee-nee  Vee-eng 
Nee-shee  Fee-thee 

Mee-mee  Nee-mee  Mee-nee    See- 
quee 

Thee-eng  Ect-nee  Wee-nee  Whee- 
eng  Fee-hee 

Lee-wee   Lee-shee   Shee-lce    Hee- 
lee  See-eng 

Quee-eng-mee  Thee-hee-lee    Fee- 
eng-fee  Wee-fee 

Mee-vee  Nee-fee  Nee-vee  Hee-ect 

Nee-shee  Shee-fee  Shee-nee    Lee- 
nee-wee 


REMARK.  Notice  carefully  the  manner  of  joining  the  various 
stems,  observing  which  form  angles,  and  which  flow  together  without 
angles. 


SIM  i>  L 


rii(),\'()<;i;,irH\' 


ii 


SHORT  VOWELS. 


SIGN 

i 

A 

V 

SOUND 

w 

A 

v_> 

E 

\~> 
i 

w 

o 

v-/ 

U 

As  IN 

BAT 

BET 

BIT 

BQT 

BUT 

NAME 

\j 

AH 

x_/ 

EH 

VJ 

1  H 

OhN\W 

w 

UH 

NOTE  3.  Make  the  vowels  very  light  for  the  short  sounds,  in 
ordi.-r  to  distinguish  them  readily  from  the  long  or  heavy  vowels. 

Do  not  confound  the  spelling  with  the  sound;  thus  in  the  word 
bonglit  the  on  has  the  sound  of  short  o,  and  a  in  all  has  the  same 
sound.  The  sounds  of  the  short  vowels  are  as  follows:  ah  as  in  b<7t, 
l^tch,  <7rm,  ptflm  ;  ch  as  in  brt,  1ft.  frtch,  wivck  ;  ///  as  in  b/t,  dim,  f/sh  ; 
oil  or  a iv  as  in  c<?//ght,  b^//ght,  rot,  lt»t;  n/i  as  in  c//p,  up,  fur,  err,  sh/'rt, 
word. 

The  sounds  and  their  order  may  be  memorized  easily  by  this  sen- 
tence :  Father  (or  Fcmny)  s^\-s  (s^s)  z't's  ^11  l//ck. 

NOTE  4.  When  written  alone  ah  =  "ah"  and  "and" ;  eh  =  "the" 
oh  =  "ought,"  "awe"  ;  either  half  of  ////  =  "your"  ;  the  sign  for  the 
difthong  on  =  "our." 

READING  EXERCISE  II. 
•     PART  ONE. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 


WRITING  EXERCISE  II. 

PART  ONE. 

Below  came  Duane  (Doo-an)  ease  few  high  how  July  know 
may  my  new  own  push  shoe  view  way.  Go,  show  the  way.  May 
I  go?  We  know  the  way  home. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 
Few  know  how  to  show  the  way,  though  they  know  how  to   go. 


READING  EXERCISE  II. 
PART  Two. 


WRITING  EXERCISE  II. 

PART  Two. 

Actual  Allegheny  along  am  Antille  (An-ti-la)  Appolyon  ask 
bath  beg  box  buxom  cash  cheaper  chop  copy  Dana  early  Erie 
effective  error  fact  fish  Gothic  happy  higher  if  .in  money  Pegg 
off  package  pump  Shaw  shipper  up  variety  via  week  wish  young. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 
Fish  in  the  cash  box,  Job,  and  carry  off  the  money. 


SIM  PL  I  PI  K  I*    PHONOGRAPH  Y  / .; 


REiMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  Be  careful,  as  before,  to  shade  properly,  to  place  vowels   on 
the  proper  side,  and  to  make  stems  uniform  in  length. 

2.  Make  Esh  and  El  always  upward. 

3.  Be  careful  about  the  slant  of  Ef  and  Eth  ;  Ect  and   Ex  ;    Es 
and  Esh  ;  Quee  and  Yee ;  as  the  pupil  frequently  makes  too  little  dis- 
tinction between  them. 

'    4.     Be  sure  not  to  lift  the  pencil  between  the  strokes  of  the  same 
word. 


Lesson  Three. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  FINAL  R  AND  L. 

1.  When  the  first  consonant  of  a  syllable  is  followed   by  r  in 
the  same  syllable,  with  ,a  vowel  sound  (however  slight)  between,   as 
in  the  words  near,  far,  more,  etc.,  the    first  consonant  is   made  twice 
the  usual  length  to  indicate  the  added  sound  of  r. 

2.  When  the  first  consonant  of  a  syllable  is  followed  by  /in  the 
same  syllable,  with  a  vowel  sound  (however  slight)  between,  as  in  the 
words/////,  mail,  rail,  able,  etc.,  the  first  consonant  is  made  one-half 
the  usual  length,  to  indicate  the  added  sound  of/. 


u 


KIMPL //•'//•:/>   I'lio.voci;. II>H) 


READING  EXERCISK  III. 


WRITING  EXERCISE  III. 

Affair  alter  ample  answer  arbor  attorney  aware  barrel  before 
boiler  call  car  careful  carriage  college  correct  cylinder  dealer  de- 
sire detail  empire  enter  especial  ever  fair  far  feel  file  fire  foreign 
full  further  guarantee  hall  (or  haul)  hear  (or  here)  Hollis  however 
inform  interval  jar  journal  knowledge  local  majority  mill  monitor 
nature  neither  November  offer  over  pair  Paul  per  pile  poorer  pure 
quality  refer  remarkable  repair  re  ship  recollect  remember  seal  sell 
shellac  sir  superior  survey  tell  there  till  unable  until  value  veal  vol- 


XIMI'LIFIEI)    PH().\-()<;i!,LPHY  lo 


ume  waybill  well   where   while   will   work  whole  year.      Will  you  go 
there?     Their  knowledge  will  guarantee  their  ability. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 

Neither  Paul  nur  Bill  Hollis  offer  poor  quality  shellac   for   supe- 
rior value. 


REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

Too  much  stress  cannot  be  laid  upon  making  the  double  length 
stems  long  enough,  and  the  half  length  stems  short  enough.  The 
sounds  of/  and  r  are  among  the  most  frequently  occurring  sounds  in 
the  language,  and  their  legibility  depends  upon  the  accuracy  of  their 
representation.  Remember  that  if  the  double  length  stem  is  made 
longer  than  double  length  it  is  read  as  easily  or  even  more  easily,  but 
if  made  a  little  shorter,  as  is  the  tendency  with  the  average  pupil,  it 
can  hardly  be  distinguished  from  the  single  lengths.  It  is  better  to 
make  the  stem  triple  length  than  to  make  it  too  short  to  read.  This 
remark  applies  with  equal  force  to  the  half  lengths,  which  may  be 
made  even  shorter  than  half  length  without  disadvantage,  but  must  not 
be  made  longer  than  half  length  under  any  consideration.  Note  that 
when  we  say  double  and  half  lengths,  we  refer  to  a  relative  distinction, 
and  whatever  your  standard  for  the  single  length  may  be,  your  dou- 
ble lengths  must  be  at  least  twice  as  long,  and  your  half  lengths  not 
over  one-half 'as  long;  consequently  your  double  lengths  must  be  at 
least  four  times  as  long  as  your  half  lengths. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 


Lesson  Four. 

INITIAL  HOOKS  FOR  R  AND   L. 

1.  When    r  commences  a    syllable  and  is  followed  by  -another 
consonant  in  the  same  syllable,  as  in  ripe,  rock,  rough,  race,  it  (r)  is 
expressed   by  a  small  hook  written  at  the  beginning,  on  the  left  side 
of  downward  straight  stems,  under  side   of  kee  and  gee,   and   concave 
side  (inside)  of  curved   stems. 

2.  When  /  commences  a. syllable,  and   is   followed   by  another 
consonant  in  the  same  syllable,  as  in  /eak,  /ook,  /augh,  /oan,  it  (/)  is 
expressed  by  a  large  hook,  written  on  the  same  side  as  the  r  hook. 

NOTE  i.  These  hooks  are  not  made  on  ree  and  Uc,  since  Les- 
son III  provides  for  such  expression. 

NOTE  2.  These  hooks  are  named  R  and  L  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  stems,  which  are  called  Ree  and  Lee. 

NOTE  3.  Never  use  the  hooks  except  when  the  /  or  r  is  in  the 
same  syllable  as  the  following  consonant.  In  words  like  liable,  reaffirm, 
etc.,  the  stems  must  be  used.  The  hooks  never  occur  before  Hee, 
Ouee,  Wee,  Whee,  and  Yee. 

READING  EXERCISE  IV. 


,S7, 1//'/, /AY KD    rH(),\'()(ll!,lPHY  17 

WRITING  EXERCISE  IV. 

Direct   hemlock   latter   leave    let   liberty   line   live   long   look    lot 
overload   railroad   rather   read   rectifv   ride   risk   road   room   ui<r    run 

•*  t> 

russet   unless   write. 

SPEED  SENTENCES. 

Long  let  Liberty  live. 
Run  no  risk  unless   right. 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

Again  we  must  impress  upon  the  pupil  that  all  distinctions  in 
shorthand  are  relative  or  comparative,  and  such  distinctions  must  be 
preserved  to  insure  that  legibility  which  is  always  the  reward  of  the 
careful  writer.  Do  not  fail  to  make  the  r  hook  very  small,  and  the  / 
hook  rather  large.  The  engraved  exercises  furnish  the  proper  illus- 
tration of  this  distinction.  The  pupil  should  invariably,  while  reading 
the  reading  exercises,  trace  the  shorthand  characters  with  a  dry  pen 
or  stylus.  This  will  aid  greatly  in  impressing  the  proper  method  of 
making  the  outlines. 


Lesson  Five. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  FINAL  N,  F,  AND  V. 

1.  The  sound  of  n,  at  the  end  of  a   syllable,   as   in   bone,  thiw, 
gai//,  is  expressed  by  a  small  hook,  written  at  the  end  of  the  preced- 
ing stem,  on  the  right  side  of  straight  downward  stems,  upper  side  of 
kcc,  gcc,  and  rcc,  and  concave  or  in-side  of  curved  stems. 

2.  The  sounds  of  /"and  v  are  indicated,  when  occurring  at  the 
end  of  a  syllable,  as  in  pave,  move,  bee/,  etc.,  by  a  large  hook  in  sim- 
ilar positions. 


18 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 


NOTE.  The  pupil  will  of  course  understand  that  these  rules  do 
not  apply  when  n,f,  or  v  are  the  only  consonants  in  the  syllable. 

3.  Making  the  for  v  hook  into  a  large  loop,  or  the  //  hook  into 
a  small  loop,  adds  the  sound  of/  or  d  to  the  sound  indicated  by  the 
hook.  Exs.  Paved,  mend,  fund. 

REMARK.  These  hooks  are  called  simply  En  and  Ef  or  Ev  to 
distinguish  them  from  the  stems  Nee,  Fee,  and  Vee. 

READING  EXERCISE  V. 


X.W 


j^rjriA 


WRITING  EXERCISE  V. 

Account  (a-kount)  afternoon  agency  (a-jen-si)  bank  been 
begun  beyond  bond  cabinet  canal  carbon  certain  channel  count 
cover  demand  elegant  examine  expend  find  forenoon  fountain  (fount- 
ain) gained  Gwinn  hand  John  Kangaroo  (kan-ga-roo)  lenient  (leen- 
yent)  machine  (ma-sheen)  main  manner  (man-er)  mechanical  mend 
mind  Monday  never  noon  novelty  open  Oregon  observe  penman 
Pennsylvania  shown  than  then  upon  workmanship  Zanzibar  pound. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY  19 


SPEED  SKNTENCE. 

How  do  you  account  for  the  poor  alignment  now  shown  by  your 
machine? 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

The  same  remarks  which  apply  to  the  hooks  at  the  beginning, 
apply  with  equal  force  to  the  hooks  at  the  end.  Make  the  n 
hook  very  simll;  the /or  v  hook  rather  large.  Observe  the  size  of 
the  hooks  in  the  engraving.  Another  point  worthy  of  notice  is  that 
many  pupils  commence  to  make  the  hook  too  soon  on  straight  stems, 
which  make  them  look  like  curves.  Do  not  think  about  the  hook  un- 
til you  have  finished  your  stem  ;  then  make  the  hook  by  simply  bring- 
ing the  end  around. 


Lesson  Six. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  T  AND  D. 

A  small  circle  stands  for  the  sound  of/  at  the  beginning  or  end 
of  a  syllable. 

A  large  circle  stands  for  the  sound  of  ^/ at  the  beginning  or  end 
of  a  syllable. 

These  circles  are  always  written  on  the  right  side  of  downward 
straight  stems,  upper  side  of  kee,  gee,  ree,  and  concave  side  of 
curved  stems.  They  are  always  read  first  when  they  occur  at  the  be- 
ginning, and  last  when  they  occur  at  the  end. 

IMPORTANT  NOTE. 

These  rules  of  course  do  not  apply  when  /  or  d  is  the  only  con- 
sonant in  the  syllable ;  or  when  the  /  or  d  is  followed  by  /  or  r  in  the 
same  syllable,  or  preceded  by  the  /  or  r  hooks  in  the  same  syllable; 
or  when  the  /  or  d  follow  an  ;/,  or /"or  v  hook  in  the  same  syllable. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHS 


READING  EXERCISE  VI. 


^^^    6  ^f  v^g—ife  ^^^^Tb-^ 


WRITING  EXERCISE  VI. 

Admit  ahead  Arlington  art  attached  authentic  automatic  await 
Barton  Beaverdam  benefit  between  bit  bottom  Buckeyetoun  Bull- 
town  called  carpet  carter  cord  cut  danger  definite  Denmark  differ- 
ent divide  doubt  dust  easiest  eastern  effort  end  entered  establish 
estimate  export  feed  fault  finest  foot  forget  forward  furnished  get 
gold  Gordon  guaranteed  hard  Harvard  heard  helped  hold  handle 
indefinite  induced  inland  intend  invite  Jerrold  jet  kyanized  knocked 
labelled  east  left  lightest  London  lowered  mailed  Maiden  market 
matter  memorandum  Middleboro  nailed  neighborhood  next  note 
noticed  notify  old  packed  pardonable  particular  permanent  port 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH 


published  Putnam  quote  rapid  referred  relative  render  required  rest 
sheet  short  shorthand  sold  wait  walnut  warrant  water  weighed 
weight  wet  white  Whitmore  wired  wood  yard  yet. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 

They  guaranteed  the  matter  required  a  memorandum  if  not  war- 
ranted well  packed. 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  The  most  necessary  caution  in    regard   to   this    lesson    is   to 
make  the  circles  amply  different  in  size.    Make  the /circle  very  small, 
and  the  d  circle  quite  large. 

2.  Avoid  beginning  to  make  the  circle  before  the  stem  is  com- 
pleted ;  this  is  a  frequent  erro'r,  and  results  in  making  a  straight  stem 
look  like  a  curve.      Make  the  stem  as  though  nothing  followed  it,  fin- 
ishing the  stem  (but  not  lifting  the  pencil),  and  then  making  the  cir- 
cle neatly. 


Lesson  Seven. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  S,  ST,  AND  SES. 

The  sound  of  s  or  z  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  syllable,  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  semicircle,  which  must  be  joined  at  an  angle  to 
both  preceding  and  following  strokes. 

The  sound  of  st  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  syllable  is  indicated 
by  a  circle  inside  the  semicircle  (see  exercises). 

NOTE.  As  with  all  previous  rules,  when  the  above  sounds  (s  or 
z,  st)  are  the  only  consonants  in  a  syllable,  or  when  followed  by  final 
/  or  ;-  in  same  syllable,  the  stem  see  must  be  used. 

The  sound  of  s  is  added  to  a  circle  or  loop  by  bringing  it  through 
the  stem,  as  in  the  fifth  word  of  second  line  of  engraving. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 

The  sound  of  ses  or  zcs  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  expressed  by  a 
large  semicircle  joined  at  an  angle  to  preceding  stems. 

The  sound  of  s  is  added  to  any  final  hook  or  prefixed  to  any  in- 
itial hook,  by  bringing  the  semicircle  around  inside,  or  joining  it  at 
an  angle.  T  is  added  to  the  s  if  brought  inside  by  making  it  a  com- 
plete circle;  otherwise  as  usual. 

READING   EXERCISE  VII. 
PART  ONE. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  Y 


WRITING  EXERCISE  VII. 

PART  ONE. 

Advices  advised  against  allowance  analysis  announcement  a- 
pologize  appearance  arisen  articles  asked  audience  authorized  Bag- 
ster  banks  Bannerstown  barrels  based  baskets  because  best  boards 
bones  Boston  boxes  business  calls  capacity  carpets  case  casks 
caused  ceases  chance  cheapest  Chestertown  choice  chooses  cities 
collections  Colson  correspond  costs  courses  deceive  December 
domestic  demands  efforts  endorsed  erased  essentials  evidence  ex- 
cuse expensive  experienced  exercised  fast  figures  fingers  forbear- 
ance fourths  goods  heel  holders  homes  hours  houses  hubs  impos- 
sible inexpensive  insist  instant  insurance  investigate  jobbers  just 


READING  EXERCISE  VII. 
PART  Two. 


24  HTMPLTFIKD    PHONOGRAPHY 


WRITING  EXKRCISE  VII. 

PART  Two. 

Keeps  Kansas  knots  lawyer's  lengths  lives  lightness  lobsters  logs 
losers  magazine  margins  means  mens  message  messengers  nines 
mislaid  mistake  Moses  mowers  office  otherwise  "overs"  pages  paints 
parties  pens  perhaps  perusal  pillows  points  possible  post  publish- 
ers purchased  pays  rates  readers  reason  recent  tegards  remittance 
reporters  request  residence  ribbons  Rochester  rooms  runs  sales 
same  Samuels  save  schedule  school  scythe  season  seat  several 
sheets  shippers  shows  sight  simile  singer  singularity  sitting  sizes 
smaller  Smyrna  sons  South  speak  specialty  specimen  spite  spokes 
staging  stand  stands  stencilled  still  stock  stone  store  students  sub- 
ject such  suit  superintendent  suspended  Swanzey  symphony  seems 
send  September  service  settle  teachers  tedders  these  those  thous- 
and towns  understand  universal  unsafe  utmost  vamps  vicinity  wrap- 
pers western  weights  Watson  yards  yes. 

SPEED  SENTENCES. 

Some  persons  seem  sad — others  smile  ;  some  seek  riches — others 
stay  poor;  some  save — others  spend. 
Our  horse  paces  fast. 
Steamboats  go  faster  than  sailboats  or  other  vessels. 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  Make  the  5  semi-circle  very  small,  and  the  scs  semi-circle 
quite  large. 

2.  Be  sure  to  have  an  angle  before  and  after  the  semi-circles. 
3.'     Make  the  semi-circles  very  circular,  so  that  they  will  not  re- 
semble half  length  strokes. 


PHONOGRAPHY 


Lesson  Eight. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  TR  AND  STR. 

The  sound  of /r  at  the  beginning  cf  a  syllable,  where  followed 
by  another  stroke,  is  indicated  by  drawing  a  tick  through  the  begin- 
ning of  the  stem  (see  reading  exercise.),  and  the  sound  of  str  in  the 
same  position,  by  drawing  a  semicircle  through. 

When  a  syllable  commencing  with  str  is  preceded  by  another 
stem,  the  sound  of  str  may  be  indicated  by  drawing  the  preceding 
stem  through  the  stem  following  the  str  (see  instruct  following). 

READING  EXERCISE  VIII. 


WRITING  EXERCISE  VIII. 

Street  strike  strong  tract  transfer  trunk  truths  straightway 
stranger  strap  stroke  strong  struggle  traffic  trap  tread  tribute  in- 
structive destructive. 

SPEED  SENTENCE. 
Select  straight,  strong,  well  trimmed  strips  each  trip. 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  Be  sure  not  to  use  above   principles  when  str  or  tr  are  the 
only  consonants  in  the  syllable,  as  in  the  words  "stray,"  "tree,"  "trial," 
etc.,  or  when  the  words  are  derived  from  such   words;  as,  "strayed," 
"treed." 

2.  Make  these  signs  before  the  stem  which  they   intersect;    not 
after. 

3.  Do  not  make  them  at  the  end  of  syllables. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  Y 


Lesson  Nine. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  LIQUID  R  AND  L. 

RULE  I.  The  sound  of  r  immediately  following  any  consonant 
sound  in  the  same  syllable  (with  no  vowel  sound  between)  is  ex- 
pressed by  writing  a  small  hook  at  the  beginning  on  the  right  side  of 
downward  straight  strokes,  and  the  upper  side  of  kec  and  gcc,  and  on 
the  concave  side  of  curved  stems.  The  hooks  on  curved  stems  should 
be  made  twice  the  length  of  the  hook  for  initial  r. 

RULE  2.  The  sound  of/  in  a  similar  position  is  expressed  by  a 
large  hook  in  similar  positions,  being  sure  the  hook  on  curved  stems 
is  twice  the  length  of  the  initial  hook  (the  hook  expressing  /or  r  pre- 
ceding the  stem). 

READING   EXERCISE   iX. 


C  ^  ^-  M  < 


SLMI'LIFIKI*    PHONOGRAPHY 


WRITING  EXERCISE  IX. 
i 

Addressed  agreeable  agreement  appreciate  April  black  blade 
blood  brakeman  brands  bring  brothers  broom  claimed  clapboards 
class  classes  clearing  Clinton  closed  club  credit  criticisms  cups  cus- 
tomer decline  draft  draw  drinkers  drove  duplex  embraces  English 
explain  explicit  flavor  free  freight  fresh  frozen  glad  glass  grade  grand 
grapes  great  greatest  Greenfield  impressed  influence  infreight  pamph- 
lets phonography  phrase  placed  plainer  plank  platform  pleased  plen- 
ty plush  practical  Pratt  prejudiced  press  presume  previous  principle 
printers  regret  replevin  simplified  slip  slow  spruce  subscribers  sup- 
plied telegram  through  trial  Troy. 

SPEED  SENTENCES. 
Brave,  true  men  prove  ever  true. 
Please  place  my  glass  in  my  black  plush  box. 

REMARKS  TO  THE   LEARNER. 

1.  Be  careful  to  make  the  initial  always  on  the    proper  side   of 
straight  stems. 

2.  Be  careful  to  make  the  r  hook  small  and  /  hook  large. 
\.      Be  sure  to  make  these  hooks  long  on  curved  stems. 


Lesson  Ten. 


THE  REPEATER. 

\Vhen  Pee,  Bee,  Tee,  Dee,  Chee,  Jee,  Kee  or  Gee  commence  and 
end  a  syllable,  as  in  keep,  babe,  tight,  deed,  etc.,  the  repeated  sound 
is  expressed  by  a  large  hook  at  the  end  of  the  stroke,  made  on  the 
left  side  of  downward  stems  and  under  side  of  Kee  and  Gee.  This 
hook  is  called  the  Repeater.  The  sound  of/  or  d  is  add;d  to  the  re- 
peater by  making  a  circle  inside  the  hook,  and  s  is  added  in  same 
way  as  to  all  other  hooks.  This  hook  can  be  made  on  a  half-length 
or  double-length,  as  is  in  "bulb"  or  "barb." 


!28 


SIMPLIFIED    PRO,  \ '()(!  /f.  IPH 1 


The  Repeater  may  be  made  into  a  circle  to  express  the  added 
sound  of  r  as  in  "tighter,"  or  into  a  large  loop  to  add  /  as  in  pupil.* 
These  circles  or  loops  may  be  brought  through  to  add  s  the  same  as 
any  other  circles  or  loops. 

NOTE.  When  the  repeated  sound  is  in  another  syllable,  such  as 
"propose,"  "prepay,"  the  two  syllables  may  be  disjoined,  but  written 
as  closely  as  possible,  as  in  last  line.  In  such  words  as  "proprietor," 
this  is  not  necessary,  as  will  be  seen. 

*  In  words  like  propriety,  appropriation,  etc.,  this  rule  does  not 
apply,  because  the  repetition  does  not  occur  in  the  same  syllable. 

READING  EXERCISE  X. 


r- 


-UJ 


*    "^^ 


^J^!s^*_ 

N    \V^ 


WRITING  EXERCISE  X. 

Clerk  did   hesitate  judge  newspapers  paper  people  proper  pu- 
pils tight   title   popcorn. 

SPEED  SENTENCES. 
We  cook  cakes  over  coke  fires. 
Our  tutor  like  other  people  eats  crackers. 
Pupils,  why  do  you  giggle,  in  church. 

REMARKS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 

1.  The  Repeater  must  never  be  made  on  the  right  side  of  down- 
ward stems,  or  upper  side  of  Kee  or  Gee. 

2.  The  Repeater  is  never  made  on  curved  stems. 

3.  When  adding  ;-  or  /,  be  sure  to  make  ample  distinction. 


SIMPLIFIED    I'UO.YOCn.-lPHY  2i) 


Lesson  Eleven. 

THE  FINAL  SYLLABLES  -ING,  -SHUN,  AND  -LY. 

RULE  i .  The  final  syllable  -ing  is  indicated  by  a  light  tick  which 
must  be  joined  to  the  final  consonant  (whether  stem,  circle,  hook, 
etc.)  of  the  preceding  syllable,  at  an  angle. 

RULE  2.  The  final  syllable  -s/inn  (-tion,  -cion,  -sion,etc.)  is  in- 
dicated, when  the  preceding  syllable  ends  with  a  consonant  sound,  by 
striking  a  straight  tick  through  the  preceding  stem,  tfc^*  Note,  how- 
ever, that  when  the  preceding  syllable  is  a  vowel  without  accompany- 
ing consonant  as  in  devi-rt-tion,  the  syllable  shun  is  represented  by  the 
stem  Shee  with  the  n  hook  ;  if,  however,  the  syllable  has  a  consonant, 
as  in  pa-shun  (passion)  the  tick  is  used. 

NOTE.  The  syllable  -s/inns,  as  in  pa-shions,  is  indicated  by 
striking  a  little  semi-circle  through  the  stem  instead  of  the  straight 
tick ;  and  -shnnd,  as  in  fa-shioned,  by  adding  a  circle  to  the  tick. 

RULE  3.  The  final  s>  liable  -ly,  as  in  brave-ly,  kind-ly ;  or  when 
the  preceding  syllable  ends  in  /  or  r,  the  final  syllable  -y,  as  in  full-y, 
injur-y,  is  indicated  by  the  vowel  ih  or  eh,  (short  i  or  short  e)  placed 
after  the  end  of  the  last  stem. 

NOTE.  This  sign  must  not  be  placed  beside  a  stem,  as  it  would 
then  become  a  simple  vowel. 

REMARK.  This  principle  is  occasionally  used  for  -y  after  other 
consonants  as  for  instance  honest-y. 

RULE  4.  -Shunal  (-tional)  as  in  Na-tional,  op-tional,  etc.,  is  in- 
dicated by  drawing  a  small  elipse  through  the  end  of  the  preceding 
stroke.  (See  Reading  Exercise.) 


30 


SIMPL  TFIED    PHONOGRAPH 


REMARK.  When  the  syllables  -ing  or  -ly  follow  -shun  as  in 
mo-tioning,  condi-tionally,  etc.,  they  are  represented  in  accordance 
with  above  rule;  /.  e.  both  principles  are  used.  When  the  syllable 
-ate  follows  -shun,  it  is  indicated  by  joining  the  Tee  stem  to  the  stem 
through  which  the  -shun  is  made.  These  principles  are  not  of  fre- 
quent occurrence,  but,  as  will  be  seen  are  simple  and  easily  fixed  in 
the  mind. 


READING  EXERCISE  XI. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 


WRITING  EXERCISE  XI. 

Honesty  buying  billing  assuring  acting  addition  assertion  be- 
ginning caution  covering  awaiting  thgroughly  entirely  naturally 
unusually  easily  peculiarly  likely  restriction  chiefly  delivery  adjust- 
ing causing  corresponding  mostly  sadly  specially  simply  truly 
clubbing  subscription  greatly  properly  leading  loading  looking 
damaging  detention  dimension  direction  division  doing  during  edi- 
tors estimating  execution  expecting  expression  filing  finding  foun- 
dation furnishing  going  graduation  grumbling  hearing  holding  hur- 
rying importing  including  inquiring  collection  delivering  correction 
instructions  interesting  introduction  issuing  keeping  knowing  men- 
tion mouldings  national  overloading  organizing  paying  placing  por- 
tion printing  proportion  protecting  publications  putting  running  re- 
quiring requesting  remitting  relation  referring  reckoning  surround- 
ings stocking  succession  soliciting  seeing  selling  teaching  thanking 
trusting  unwilling  workings  weighing  cheerfully  wishing  neatly  wide- 
ly shortly  highly  only. 

REMARKS  TO    I  HE  LEARNER. 

There  is  but  Fttle  to  say  in  regard  to  the  preceding  lesson,  ex- 
cept to  warn  the  pupil  to  cultivate  exactness  in  writing  the  principles. 
Do  not  make  the  tick  for  -ing  too  long,  or  it  may  conflict  with 
half-length  strokes.  There  is  no  such  warning  necessary  in  relation 
to  the  -s/inn  and  -ly,  but  for  the  sake  of  neatness,  it  is  better  to  make 
them  quite  small. 


Lesson  Twelve. 

REPRESENTATION  OE  ACCOM-  COM-  CON-  ETC. 

RULE  i.     The  initial  syllables  accom-,  com-,  and  con-  are  repre- 
sented by  a  Kee    stem,  usually  joined  to  the  following  stem. 


S I.  }[PL  TFIEl)    PHO.  \  '()t;./f.  //'//) 


NOTE.  As  it  is  sometimes  difficult  to  join  Kee  to  the  following 
stroke,  in  such  cases  it  is  not  joined,  but  written  immediately  at  the 
beginning. 

RULE  2.  As  con-  and  com-  are  frequently  preceded  by  other 
syllables,  for  example,  trans-con,  in-com,  rc-com,  dis-com,  etc.,  it  is 
necessary  to  provide  for  such  words,  aird  therefore  the  following  ex- 
pedient has  been  decided  upon,  as  being  the  easiest  to  remember,  and 
put  into  practice,  instead  of  having  a  separate  sign  for  each,  as  in 
other  systems:  Simply  write  the  first  consonant  of  the  prefix  (using 
the  stem)  hot  joined  to  the  following  stroke,  but  the  following  stroke 
commencing  just  under  it;  thus,  the  Dee  stem  will  stand  for  dccom-  or 
discom- ;  the  Nee  for  incom-,  noncon-  or  nucoin- ;  Tee  for  transcon-, 
Ree  for  re  com-. 

NOTE.  As  combinations  like  "unrecom-"  and  "irrecon-"  some- 
times  occur,  it  is  essential  in  such  cases  to  write  the  first  tivo  stems, 
so  they  may  not  conflict  with  other  signs  of  similar  or  opposite  mean- 
ing. 

READING  EXERCISE  XII. 


MM  PL  1  AY  Kh    I>IK).  \ '()(!  RAPHY 


33 


WRITING  EXERCISE  XII. 

Accommodation  accompany  accomplished  accomplice  compa- 
nies comparative  compared  compromise  composition  complaint 
competitors  composed  Comstock  comprising  complaining  commen- 
dation competition  continuous  contracted  contained  continued  con- 
tinental contracts  continue  contents  containing  Condon  conditions 
concessions  concerts  consul  consignee  consequent  consumer  con- 
stantly consigned  consecutively  consignor  consult  constant  consid- 
erable convenience  confident  connection  recommending  incompe- 
tently discomposing 


Lesson  Thirteen. 

PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES. 

There  are  certain  more  or  less  frequently  occurring  syllables  at 
the  beginning  and  end  of  words,  called  prefixes  and  affixes,  which  are 
represented  by  brief  signs.  These  syllables,  with  their  signs,  are  as 
follows : 

i.  PREFIXES. 


Prefix. 

Sign. 

Example. 

Circum- 

an  s  semicircle 

circum-ference 

Dis- 

a  d  circle 

dis-pose 

Magna-  ^ 

< 

'  magna-nimous 

Magni-    > 

Mcc  stem,  with  n  hook  < 

1  magni-ficent 

Magne-  ) 

magne-sia 

Self- 

an  s  semicircle 

self-possessed 

Trans- 

a  /  circle 

trans-fer 

SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  Y 


2.  AFFIXES. 


Affix. 


Sign. 


Example. 


a  /  circle 


an  s  semicircle 


-ment,  -mental 

-self 

-some 

-less 

-ness 

-ments,  -mentally,  -mentality  an  ellipse 

-selves,  -lessness,  -someness  a  ses  semicircle 


orna-ment,  orna-mental 
my-self 
hand-some 
care-less 
kind-ness 

instru-ments,  -tal,  -tality 
(  our-selves 
J  care-lessness 
(  hand-someness 


NOTE.  The  signs  for  the  prefixes  must  always  be  made  at  the 
beginning,  but  not  at  the  side  of  following  stems ;  the  affixes  at  the 
end,  but  not  at  the  side.  For  the  proper  position,  see  Reading  Ex- 
ercise following : 

READING  EXERCISE  XIII. 


WRITING  EXERCISE  XIII. 

Describe  discounts  discriminate  doubtless  noiseless  unless  com- 
pliment arrangement  improvements  implements  themselves  pay- 
ment circumstance  instalments  shipment  disperse  distribute  indis- 
putable acknowledgment. 


N IMPL  IFIXJ^J^HOJVOGRAPHY  35 

Lesson  Fourteen. 

THE  SYLLABLES  IN-  AND  -ED. 

KfLE  I.  The  syllable  ///-  at  the  beginning  of  words  is  indicat- 
ed by  a  short,  straight  tick,  made  in  any  convenient  direction,  but  al- 
ways at  an  angle  with  the  following  stem. 

READING  EXERCISE  XIV. 
PART  OXK. 


WRITING    EXERCISE    XIV. 

PART  ONE. 

Inaccurate  inadequate  inapplicable  inattention  inaugural  inces- 
sant inception  incline  incurable  indicate  index  indifferent  indorse 
inexhaustible  infant  infreight  infuse  inject  injure  injury  intelligent 
invisible. 

RULE  2.  The  syllable  -cd  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  indicated  by 
a  dot  placed  after  the  end  of  the  last  stroke. 

READING  EXERCISE  XIV. 
PART  Two 


36  SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  Y 

WRITING  EXERCISE  XIV. 

PART  Two. 

Traded  collected  fitted  inserted  rated  reported  decided  includ- 
ed blended  stated  adjusted  (a-just-ed)  celebrated  attended  (a-tend- 
ed)  expected  intended  quoted  repeated  knotted  added  mended  de- 
fended concluded  fated  crowded  warranted  printed. 


Lesson  Fifteen. 

THE  OMISSION  OF  CERTAIN  WORDS. 

Certain  frequently  occurring  words  are  omitted  in  writing,  and 
the  omission  is  indicated  by  writing  the  word  immediately  following 
in  a  different  position.  These  words  are  as  follows  : 

A,  AN,  or  AND,  is  indicated  by  writing  the  next  word  below  the 
line.  ["A,"  "an,"  illustrated  in  Line  2  ;  "and"  in  Line  4.] 

THE,  indicated  by  writing  the  next  word  above  the  line. 

OF,  indicated  by  writing  the  next  word  very  close  to  the  word 
preceding  "of." 

To,  indicated  by  writing  the  next  word  under  the  word  preced- 
ing "to." 

REM.  i.  In  all  cases  the  first  downward  or  slanting  stem,  if 
there  is  one  in  the  word,  is  written  in  the  stated  position,  or  if  the 
strokes  are  all  in  a  horizontal  direction,  the  whole  word  is  written  in 
the  stated  position.  A  careful  inspection  of  the  Reading  Exercise 
will  show  how  they  are  written. 

REM.  2.  Where  two  of  the  words  given  above  occur  in  combi- 
nation with  each  other,  as  "of  the,"  "of  a,"  "to  the,"  etc.,  they  are 
represented  by  special  phrase-signs,  and  a  full  list  of  all  such  possible 
combinations  will  be  found  under  the  list  of  Phrase-si'ms. 


SIMPLIF1K1)    /Y/a\ 


37 


REM.  3.  It  is  sometimes  impossible  or  inadvisable  to  use  the 
above  principles,  and  in  such  cases  the  signs  for  the  words  (which 
are  given  in  the  list  of  Word-signs)  should  be  used. 

READING  EXERCISE  XV. 


k 


WRITING  EXERCISE  XV. 

The  market,  the  amount,  the  cheapest,  the  claim,  the  hands,  the 
order,  the  future,  the  goods,  the  same,  the  prices,  the  accommodation, 
the  catalogue,  the  terms,  the  salesman,  an  immediate,  a  letter,  a 
check,  an  article,  a  voucher,  a  pair,  a  little,  a  chance,  a  car,  a  very,  a 
telegram  ,  a  schedule,  a  hurry,  and  think,  and  we,  and  it,  and  oblige, 
and  wish,  and  see,  and  has,  and  your,  and  do,  and  did,  and  carbon, 
stock  of  goods,  most  of  them,  price  of  number,  the  hands  of  attorney, 
amount  of  bill,  majority  of  customers,  can  of  coffee,  cause  of  it,  bill 
of  insurance,  account  of  our,  merits  of  these,  receipt  of  which,  the 
part  of  consignee,  bill  of  lading,  samples  of  each,  analysis  of  them, 
lot  of  calendars,  more  of  each,  copy  of  lease,  stock  of  repairs. 


452170 


SIMPLIFIED   PHO.VOGB.1PHY 


Lesson  Sixteen. 

MISCELLAXEOl 

Under  this  head  we  nave  grouped  a  few  general  principles  ne- 
cessary to  make  the  system  complete  in  all  its  details.  They  are  all 
of  equal  importance,  however,  with  preceding  lessons,  and  should  be 
studied  with  the  same  care  and  attention. 

RULE  I  .  When  the  sound  of  j  commences  a  word  the  stem 
should  be  used  ;  but  it  is  necessary  to  observe  that  in  words  like 
"use,"  "useful,''  "unite,"  "Europe,"  "eulogy,"  etc.,  the  sound  of  j  is 
present,  while  in  words  Hke  "us,"  "until,"  etc.,  it  is  not.  Following 
is  a  list  of  the  most  important  words  commencing  with  the  consonant 
sound  of  j: 

WRITING  EXERCISE  XVI. 

PART  ONE. 

Eucharist  euchre  eulogy  eunuch  euphemistic  euphonious  Eu- 
rope ubiquity  ukase  unicorn  uniform  union  unique  unison  unit  Uni- 
n  itarian  unite  unity  universe  usage  use  usurp  usury  utensil  utility 
Utopian  yacht  yard  yarn  year  yeast  yell  yellow  yelp  yes  yet  yield 
yoke  young  youth. 

RULE  2.  When  a  stem  with  a  final  hook  is  followed  by  a  con- 
sonant which  will  not  readily  join,  or  a  stem  with  an  initial  hook  is 
preceded  by  a  stem  that  will  not  readily  join,  an  offset  may  be  made 
instead  of  the  complete  hook,  as  in  the  first  line  of  the  following  ex- 
ercise, or  in  any  case  such  as  just  mentioned,  or  where  for  any  cause 
it  is  impossible  to  join  the  stems  of  a  word  neatly  and  quickly,  they 
may  be  disjoined,  in  which  case  the  part  of  the  word  which  is  dis- 
joined is  written  under  the  rest  of  the  word,  as  in  the  third  line. 


.s7.  UPLIFTED    PHONOGRAPHY 


89 


READING  EXERCISE  XVI 


NOTE.  Observe  that  the  offset  is  large  for  an  /  or  f  hook  and 
small  for  an  r  or  ;/  hook. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  XVI. 

PART  Two. 

Replace  employed  reclaim  improve  retrieve  bunch  blanch  Ruler 
prepare  cucoo  Dodo  papa  propel  propose  Portland  potato  quality 
roller  details  preparatory  prepared  prepaying  phenomenal  observ- 
ance preparation  remonstrated. 

Rl'LE  3.  There  are  a  few  words  which  must  always  be  written 
above  the  line  to  distinguish  them  from  other  words  of  the  same  sound 
and  similar  construction.  There  are  six  words  of  this  class  especial- 
ly important,  and  these  six  are  all  that  the  author  has  met.  It  is 
possible  there  may  be  more,  but  if  so.  the  intelligent  writer  may  ap- 
ply the  principle  for  himself.  These  six  words  are  same,  pure,  nun, 
which  are  thus  distinguished  from  some,  poor,  man,  and  needless,  as- 
signee and  ti^nsi^nee,  which  are  thus  distinguished  from  endless,  con- 
signor, and 


4O_ SIMPLIFIED  rnu.\'unn.-n>hY 

RULE  4.  When  any  word,  which  would  be  written  above  the 
line  by  reason  of  foregoing  rule,  or  because  it  is  a  word-sign  (see  les- 
son XVII),  is  preceded  by  the  or  a  the  word  should  be  written  in  its 
usual  position,  and  the  omission  of  the  or  a  indicated  by  drawing  a 
horizontal  line  between  the  word  and  the  line. 

RULE  5.  Some  words  require  to  be  vocalized,  (that  is,  have  a 
vowel  inserted)  in  order  to  be  read.  In  such  words  as  via,  fiat,  etc., 
the  most  important  vowel  is  sufficient ;  but  in  words  like  "payee," 
"Rio,"  "ammonia,"  "area,"  etc.,  both  vowels  should  be  written,  one 
near  the  beginning  of  the  stroke,  and  the  other  near  the  end.  All 
words  whose  singular  ends  in  sis  and  plural  in  ses,  as  in  "basis— bases." 
should  have  the  vowel  c  inserted  in  the  plural. 

RULE  6.  Dollars  and  cents  are  indicated  by  writing  the  number 
of  dollars  on  the  line  and  the  number  of  cents  above  but  close  to  the 
dollars.  When  cents  alone  occur,  they  should  be  written  above  the 
line,  with  a  zero  (cipher)  immediately  preceding,  on  the  line. 

RULE  7.  In  writing  numbers,  it  frequently  occurs  that  there  arc- 
several  ciphers  to  be  expressed.  In  such  case  the  indication  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

A  straight  line  drawn  under  the  number  adds  two  ciphers. 

A  straight  line  drawn  -through  a  number  adds  three  ciphers. 

Two  straight  lines  drawn  through  a  number,  or  one  drawn 
through  like  a  kee  and  then  backward  like  a  chee,  adds  six  ciphers. 

PUNCTUATING  SHORTHAND. 

RULE  8.  Very  little  punctuation  is  necessary  in  shorthand  ;  but 
it  is  always  advisable  to  indicate 

THE  PERIOD, — By  leaving  a  space  of  about  half  a  line. 

APPLAUSE, — By  a  pee  stem  with  an  /  hook,  and  a  circle  around 
it. 

LAUGHTER, — By  an  /  hook  on  A  fee  stem,  with  a  circle  around  it. 

QUESTIONS  AXD  ANSWERS, — In  taking  down  testimony  :  by  mak- 
a  cross  (X)  before  the  question,  and  a  long  upward  mark  like  a  pro- 
longed rcc  before  the  answer. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY  41 

Lesson  Seventeen. 

VVORDSIGNS  AND  CONTRACTIONS. 

It  has  been  a  feature  of  all  good  systems  of  Phonography  to 
represent  certain  words  by  arbitrary  characters,  in  order  to  increase 
the  facility  of  writing  them.  These  words  are  of  two  classes  ;  viz., 
those  which  are  extremely  common,  and  those  which  are  extremely 
difficult  to  make.  Unfortunately  many  otherwise  excellent  systems 
have  been  marred  by  their  choice  of  signwords,  i.  e.,  those  words 
which  should  be  represented  by  these  brief  signs.  Many  systems 
embrace  in  their  list  of  such  signs,  many  which  are  useless  either 
from  being  easy  to  make  in  their  full  form,  or  of  so  infrequent  oc- 
currence that  it  is  better  to  write  them  out  in  full,  than  to  burden  the 
memory  with  special  signs.  Benn  Pitman's,  Munson's  and  Graham's 
systems  have  far  too  many  signs,  ranging  from  fifteen  hundred  to 
four  thousand  (respectively).  When  we  consider  that  the  vocabula- 
ry (number  of  different  words)  learned  by  a  person  of  ordinary 
education,  in  his  whole  lifetime,  is  not  over  five  thousand  ;  that  only 
six  thousand  different  words  are  used  in  the  whole  Biblj,  and  that 
Shakespeare,  whose  voluminous  works  are  said  to  embrace  almost 
the  whole  sum  of  human  knowledge,  used  only  about  ten  thousand, 
we  see  the  absurdity  of  burdening  the  memory  with  so  many  useless 
signs.  Stephen  Pearl  Andrews,  "The  Father  of  American  Phonog- 
raphy," gives  a  list  of  one  hundred  words  which  form  fifty  per  cent, 
of  all  ordinary  writing  or  speech.  [As  a  matter  of  curiosity,  we  ap- 
pend the  list  herewith,  in  the  order  of  frequency  as  given  by  him  : 
The,  and,  of,  to,  in,  a,  that,  is,  for,  it,  he,  with,  be,  are,  but,  I,  all,  by, 
not,  or,  as,  thy,  from,  have,  at,  (The  foregoing  are  said  to  form  one- 
fourth  of  the  language.)  they,  our,  we,  God,  more,  their,  them,  there, 
my,  on,  shall,  you,  will,  thou,  upon,  word,  ye,  had,  me,  no,  Lord,  us, 


when,  an,  go,  heaven,  see,  great,  other,  were,  be.n,  O  (oh),  part, 
truth,  any,  ever,  full,  into,  out,  unto,  thee,  (The  foregoing  are  said  to 
comprise  one-third  of  the  language.)  his,  which,  your,  this,  him,  who, 
what,  at,  if,  can,  how,  life,  man,  than,  may,  those,  would,  has,  ever}-, 
world,  do,  one,  most,  love,  now,  where,  time,  give,  after,  first,  like, 
under,  work,  come.]  It  is  therefore  evident  that  signs  for  a  hun- 
dred, or  at  the  most  two  hundred  of  the  most  frequently  occurring 
words,  embracing  a  few,  perhaps,  which  are  particularly  difficult  or 
awkward  to  form,  is  all  that  is  needed  or  advisable.  A  large  list  be- 
comes cumbrous  and  burdensome;  for  the  only  advantage  of  word- 
signs  lies  in  their  instant  use.  If  we  must  hesitate  before  recalling 
them,  it  were  better  far  to  write  them  out,  and  the  time  spent  in  the 
careful  memorizing  and  practice  of  these  signs  would  be  far  better 
spent  in  obtaining  a  more  thorough  familiarity  with  the  principles. 

We  append  a  list  of  all  the  words  for  which  it  is  deemed  expe- 
dient to  give  arbitrary  signs.  [See  note  following.]  These  must 
be  learned  with  the  greatest  thoroughness.  No  hesitation  in  writing 
or  reading  them  should  be  tolerated.  In  a  few  cases  the  same 
sign  stands  for  two  or  more  words.  No  confusion  can  arise,  as  the 
accompanying  words  will  invariably  aid  the  reader  to  distinguish 
them. 

NOTE.  The  plural  or  any  other  derivative  from  any  of  the  sign- 
words  is  formed  in  accordance  with  the  rules.  That  is  ;  encloses 
would  be  the  sign  for  enclose,  with  the  s  semicircle  added  ;  enclosed, 
the  sign  for  enclose  with  the  d  circle  added,  etc. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 


'ordsigns  and 

A                                     _._ 
Advance                                j  v 

Contractions. 

\R^As 

0       At 

Advantage 
Advantageous 

Advertise 
Advise,  advice 

Ah 

All 
Always 

Also 
Altogether 
Already 
Although 
An,  And 
Any 

Anything 
Anybody 

Anywhere 
Anyway 
Arrange 

Am 

-quent 
-ient 

\ 

\  Become 

fl 

^  Became 

li 

_\-|  Business 
v      But 

\  / 

OR 

P 

^^ 

Can 

V 

Calculate 

_o     Catalogue 

1 

y/\    Charge 

I 

y  Circular 

\ 

Come 

J2; 

j      Consequence, 

^*~+ 

"p  VP  Convenience, 

^ 

7 

\^_  Different,  Difference 
^^__Difficult 
-^*y  Distinguish,  Distinct 
L         Defendant 

44 


Electric                              /    ( 

-Tl              HilllSt'lf 

Enclose                            /•    -^_ 

_D:OR  u  His 

Every                                   ^- 

<  OR^^  How 

Experience                      —  C  
Enlarge                                 /^ 

_^^d_  However 
*£*~P  Hundred 

Especial                                  ) 

1        I 

Everything                        V^X. 
Everywhere                     V 
Everybody                       ^^ 
Favor                                  VIj' 

L—Influence 
x_Inform 

^7> 

V      ^y  I  n  fo  r  m  at  i  o  n 

From                                   ^— 

•n  OR  D  TQ 

Give                                           __ 

o       It 

Gentleman                            £ 

S?      Its,   Itself 

Gentlemen                         ^/ 

__/_  Large 

^OR! 

Have                                   v     j 

^~~f    Manage 

^[     Manufacture 

He 

^/Mr. 

Hereon                             \^_^St 

/^^Misunderstand 

Herewith                        ^^"    ( 
Him 

^s$    Misunderstood 
\*    Month 

SI.  MP LIFTED    PHONOGRAPHY 


Necessary                         /^~V) 
Never                                 /"TN 

V^   Overcharge 

xf      Particular 

\°" 
X^  Perfect 

\^   Perhaps 
Vo     Phonography 

Nevertheless                  _V^ 
Neither                              s<~^ 
Nothing                         ^-^/K 

"  V 
Nobody                          _ZHX 

Nowhere                                  \ 

S~~\ 

^y  Practice 
\     Practical 

Notwithstanding              /H"> 

V  \      Probable 

Number                           ^\^ 

\    \ 

\v  Probably 

O,  oh 

\    ^Public 

Oblige                                S^ 

\^    Publish 

On                                            / 

\^-  Purpose 

One                                         * 
Once                                        * 

)xj 
Question 

J      Quantity 

Of                    i^ 

/       ^Recognize 

Order 

./**     Receive 

Ought 

A 

^__     Receipt 

Our 

/^*  Reply 

Ourselves 
Owe                                         A 

^\        Represent 
.A-    Reflect 

SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  T 


Respect                            /'^ 

Cir~   Today 
_^T"     Together 
V       .Tomorrow 

Return                              ^^ 
Saw 

i* 

Satisfy 

*\\    Tonight 
/•  —  vx^u  Unnecessary 

Satisfactory                          1 

Satisfaction 

C 

__c       Us 

Should 

^rvrfOyUnderstand 

See 

w 
s-xr~    Understood 

°\ 
Special                                  \ 

J  1       Usual 

Subject                                  x 

^      Very 

Success                          _o  —  -QL 
Take 

Was 
v          What 

The 

^^       Whatever 

Them                                    I 

_      When 

Themselves                      /( 

Whenever 

TU                                                                       V    ^ 

1  hereon                              \ 

\ 

Thing 

—  "^We 

( 
Think                                  I 

"^      Which 

1 
Time                                     J   ~* 

Took 

"""N,     Whichever 

*v- 

\j     Wherever 

PHONOGRAPHY 


Who 

Whoever 

Whom 

Whose 

Wish 

With 

Within 

Without 

You 

Your 

Yours,  Yourself 

Yourselves 


v 

Vi 

^ 

v 

vORv 

J 

( 

( 

r 

s 

VOR  X 

J^-QR^L 
/ 

p 

/ 

o 

48  SIMPLIFIED   PHONOGRAPH! 


Lesson  Eighteen. 

NONSENSE  EXERCISE  ON  THE  WORD-SIGNS. 

The  following  exercise  has  been  prepared  to  give  practice  on 
the  amanuensis  (business)  word-signs.  As  it  contains  no  words  ex- 
cept the  word-signs  or  their  derivatives,  and  only  a  very  few  of  them 
used  more  than  once,  the  connection  is  somewhat  broken  ;  but  it  is 
believed  that  it  will  serve  its  purpose;  i.  e.,  to  give  a  brief  exercise, 
without  superfluous  words,  which  will  yet  give  practice  on  all  the 
signs.  This  exercise  should  be  written  ONE  HUNDRED  TIMES. 
DEAR  SIR  : 

I  have  received  your  reply  with  catalogue,  circulars,  etc.,  enclos- 
ed. We  understand  you  wish  to  give  us  special  information  on  the 
subject.  Mr.  Favor,  however,  who  came  to  see  us  today,  together 
with  a  gentleman  of  experience  who  has  charge  of  his  business  is 
very  different  from  what  he  was  when  he  came  on  the  10  th  inst. 
Probably  all  the  gentlemen  who  saw  him  understood  how  to  arrange 
things  to  advantage,  but  he  became  satisfied  the  business  can  never 
return  a  cent  on  every  dollar  which  you  wish  to  receive.  I  think  an 
advance  of  a  hundred  dollars  C.  O.  D.,  thereon  is  necessary,  notwith- 
standing any  particular  influence  you  have.  Nobody  can  recognize 
the  consequences  of  a  misunderstanding,  at  any  time,  and  perhaps  to 
distinguish  the  singular  purpose,  it  is  unnecessary  to  advertise  pub- 
licly. The  practical  question  is  what  quantity  of  electricity  is  neces- 
sary. Calculate  monthly  when  convenient,  manage  it  to  your  satis- 
faction and  convenience,  and  have  it  come  F.  O.  B.  Ah,  Gentle- 
men, you  always  over-charge  us  ;  consequently  I  take  none  of  them, 
neither  tonight  or  tomorrow.  Oh,  reflect  hereon  and  herewith,  re- 
specting our  success.  You  misunderstood  the  difficulty  of  manufac- 
ture. No  one  ever  received  a  large  order  owing  to  distinctly  repre- 
senting as  perfectly  first-class  what  has  nevertheless  once  become 
nothing  of  value.  We  wish  your  advise.  Yours  truly, 


SIMPLIFIED   PHONOGRAPHY  49 

Lesson  Nineteen. 

PHRASING. 

DKFINITION. — A  Phrase;  t\v<>  or    more   words    written    together 
without  lifting  the  pen. 

Phrases  may  be  either  Simple*  or  Arbitrary. 

SIMPLE; 

Compos!  of  words  joined  together,  in  their  regular  form,  as 
the>-  would  be  written  separately,  on  the  same  principle  by  which  we 
join  the  letters  in  a  word  in  longhand  writing;  one  commencing 
where  the  other  leaves  off.  These  do  not  require  to  be  memorized, 
the  student  simply  joining  those  words  which  form  a  natural  phrase, 
as  shown  below. 

ARBITRARY  ; 

That  's  certain  signs  which  represent  in  themselves  two  or  more 
words,  in  the  same  manner  that  a  wordsign  represents  a  word. 

These  must  be  memorized,  and  should  be  practiced  until  as  fam- 
iliar as  the  ordinary  wordsigns. 


*  The  object  uf  phrasing  is  tw.  -fold;  speed  and  legibility.  The  time  consumed  by 
raising  the  pen  and  putting  it  again  on  paper,  in  itself  is  infinitesimal,  but,  when  multiplied 
by  many  thousand,  as  it  must  be  when  continued  writing  is  under  consideration,  the  total 
forms  no  despicable  amount  of  time,  as  well  as  a  great  saving  in  the  distance  the  pen  must 
travel  over  the  paper.  The  question  of  legibility  is  one  of  the  utmost  importance,  and  if 
phrases  were  not  as  legible  as  the  words  written  separately,  it  would  be  very  poor  policy  to 
use  them.  It  was  formerly  considered  an  impossibility  that  phrases  could  be  read.  Ex- 
perience has  shown  us,  however,  that  a  phrase  is  almost  invariably  more  readily  deciphered 
than  the  uncombined  words,  and  in  most  cases  the  legibility  is  increased  at  least  two-fold,  a 
phrase,  properly  constructed,  having  an  individuality  which  renders  it  easy  to  read. 


50 


SIMPLE     PHRASING. 

Simple  phrasing,  or  joining  words  together  without  altering  their 
original  forms,  would  seem  extremely  easy,  and  yet  admits  of  the 
most  careful  study  and  discrimination.  A  simple  phrase,  in  order  to 
save  time,  and  preserve  legibility,  must  consist  of  words  which  in  their 
utterance  and  relations  flow  harmoniously  together,  and  at  the  same 
time,  in  their  phonographic  form,  admit  of  an  easy  and  facile'  joining. 
Some  words  which  would  naturally  form  a  phrase  in  speaking,  would 
not  admit  of  ready  joining;  while  on  the  other  hand,  some  words 
which  when  written  phonographically,  would  form  beautiful  outlines, 
would  be  utterly  out  of  place  in  a  phrase,  from  their  not  combining 
harmoniously  in  utterance  and  meaning.  Such  a  phrase  as//  can 
not  be  ;  We  will  go  ;  /  shall  be  ;  We  can  do  ;  Von  will  go  ; 
///  any  way,  Could  Jiavc  done;  etc.,  form  phrases  which  in  both 
sense  and  writing  are  readily  and  naturally  joined.  On  the  other 
hand  the  phrases  Received  and  we,  Ont  but  we,  and  other  equally  un- 
couth phrases,  which  we  have  known  to  be  written  by  stenographers 
ignorant  of  the  true  principles  of  phrasing,  will  be  readily  understood 
to  be  poor  and  unnatural  phrases. 

In  accordance  with  these  ideas  we  are  able  to  lay  down  a  few 
simple  rules,  which  although  they  may  not  prove  infallible,  will  yet 
be  of  assistance  to  the  pupil.  The  first  and  most  important  rule,  and 
indeed  the  one  on  which  all  the  others  are  based,  is  as  follows  : 

RULE.  A  phrase  should  not  commence  with  an  adjective,  ad- 
verb, preposition  or  conjunction  which  belongs  with  or  qualifies  a 
preceding  word  ;  neither  should  a  phrase  end  in  any  adjective,  ad- 
verb, preposition  or  conjunction  that  belongs  with  or  qualifies  a  fol- 
lowing word. 

The  following  combinations  generally  form  good  phrases  in  sense, 
and  when  the  outlines  permit  of  ready  joining  should  be  phrased.  It 
is  better  to  beware  of  most  other  combinations. 


SIMPLIFIKI*    PHONOGRAPHY  51 


Two  WORDS. 

1.  An  adjective  and  the  noun  it  qualifies. 

2.  A  subject  and  predicate. 

3.  A  preposition  and  object. 

4.  A  verb  and  object  (Direct  or  indirect.) 

5.  An  interrogative  and  its  subject. 

6.  An  adverb  and  the  adjective  it  qualifies. 

7.  A  verb  and  an  adverb. 

8.  Two  adverbs. 

9.  Conjunction  and  pronoun. 
10.  Preposition  and  pronoun. 

EXAMPLES  : 

1.  Good  man.     Some  men.     Other  occasions. 

2.  I  will.     You  are.      He  can.     We  may. 

3.  For  me.     With  you. 

4.  Give  him.      Do  that.     Take  some. 

5.  Will  you.      Canyon.     Are  you.      Do  we.      Havel. 

6.  Very  good.     No  better. 

7.  Go  on.     Come  away.     Do  well. 

8.  Very  nearly.      Quite  badly. 

9.  If  you.     For  they. 

10.  In  our.      By  our. 

TIIKKF.  WORDS. 

1.  Subject  and  verb. 

2.  Interrogative,  subject,  and  copula. 

3.  Conjunction,  substantive  and  verb. 

4.  Verb,  preposition  and  object. 

5.  Auxiliary  and  verb. 

6.  Preposition,  adjective,  and  substantive. 

7.  Preposition  and  two  adjectives. 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH 


EXAMPLES  : 

1.  I  will  go.     You  will  come.     He  may  hear. 

2.  Will  you  come.      Can  you  see. 

3.  If  you  will. 

4      Come  with  me.     Speak  for  him. 

5.  Could  have  seen.     Would  be  there. 

6.  In  our  way.      For  this  reason. 

7.  In  our  own.     For  ourselves. 

Following  we  give  a  list  of  about  fifty  simple  phrases,  taken  from 
miscellaneous  business  letters,  which  should  be  sufficient  to  make 
plain  to  the  pupil  the  relation  which  the  words  of  such  a  phrase  should 
bear  to  each  other. 

We  enclose.  Upon  receipt.  We  are.  For  this  amount.  If 
there  is.  Very  much.  By  return  mail.  For  same.  We  can  do. 
Have  done.  Very  low  prices.  We  do  business.  Should  have. 
Your  many  favors.  Shall  be.  Can  be.  No  invoice.  Please  return. 
Please  ship.  Has  not.  Has  not  been.  Will  be  satisfactory.  Will 
make.  By  remitting.  How  long.  How  many.  Every  day.  Do 
you  think.  Will  be  ready.  Ever  since.  If  you  will.  Should  be. 
By  mail.  If  you  wish.  Will  be  charged.  Even  more.  Can  be  ar- 
ranged. For  this  kind.  Considerable  business.  Let  us  know. 
They  will  be.  Your  favor  received.  Your  card.  If  you  want. 
They  will  come.  Are  made.  If  you  can.  We  will  ship.  Will  al- 
low. Have  done. 

ARBITRARY  PHRASES. 

Arbitrary  phrases  are  brief,  wordsignlike  characters  which  represent 
certain  phases  or  combinations  of  words  that  occur  so  frequently  as 
to  need  some  briefer  method  of  representation  than  either  of  the  other 
two  methods  of  phrasing  will  allow.  These  phrases  are  generally 
suggestive  of  the  words  they  represent,  but  being  arbitrary,  should  be 
memorized  as  carefully  as  the  wordsigns,  in  order  that  they  may  be  re- 
called instantly,  and  should  be  practised  repeatedly,  so  that  they  may 
be  written  without  hesitation. 


Following  we  give  a  full  list  of  all  the  arbitrary  phrases  necessary 
for  amanuensis  work,   together    with  list  of  some   signs   important  in 
law  and  sermon  reporting. 

BUSINESS  PHRASES. 
And  the                     *                    \\     C.O.D. 

And  a 

1*  I       Dear  sir 

And  of 

p     Dear  sirs 

And  to 

("j^)     Did  not 

j 
At  first                                  '  jj 

At  least                                    o 

L       Do  not 

O          Discount  for  cash 

At  last 

Everything  (nev'rjoin 

As  follows                       \j 

J         Etc. 

As  soon  as                      f^    ^ 

N**^    Everyone 

At  hand                            ^—  ' 

V^Nw     F-°-B- 

At  once                              ^ 

Are  not                              ^? 

v^ 

—  ^3   First  rate 

Again  and  again                 «.    ~> 

v   J 

At  hand  and  noted         ^"•^ 

S^A    Have  been 

Am  not                           
Any  one 

>^xV_Having  been 
In  receipt 

Any  other  (never  join_       ^- 
Be  not                             \^    ^ 

r  —  ^       Tn  regard 
-^/        Tn  reply 

Bill  of  lading 

^  -v  In  reference 
(K~b    Is  not 

Can  not 

SL VILIFIED  PHo,Yo(;n,iPh r 


Knocked  down 
Longer  than 
Less  than 
Larger  than 
More  and  more 
More  or  less 

More  than 

May  not 

My  dear  sir 

No  other  (never  joi; 

New  York 

New  England 

No  one 

Over  and  over 

One  by  one 

Of  the 

Of  a 

Sooner  than 

Sooner  or  later 


Slower  than 
Some  one- 
Soon  after 
Some  future  time 
Some  other  (nev'r  join 
Should  not 
They  are 
They  are  not 
Think  not 
(\        They  have 
To  the 
To  a 

_Very  respectfully 

Very  truly 

r>x      Yours  truly 

_ Yours  very  truly 


Yours  very  respect'ly 
Yours  respectfully 


SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH! 


LEGAL  AND   RELIGIOUS  PHRASES. 


\j 


,  —  -J 
o 


\ 


At  all  events 

At  any  rate 

As  it  is 

As  a  matter  of  fact 

By  and  by 

Counsi:!  for  defendant |_ 

Counsel  for  plaintiff 
Children  of  God 
Defendant's  counsel 
Do  not  know- 
Do  not  think 
Dear  friend 
From  side  to  side 

From  time  to  time 
From  day  to  day 


U 


is 


—  ^ 

I 

From  place  to  place        \ 
-  ^ 

From  year  to  year 
For  ever  and  ever 


Gentlemen  of  the  jury']'   _^  v/       Years  ago 


In  the  next  place 


£ 


In  the  first  place 
Jesus  Christ 
Kingdom  of  God 
Kingdom  of  Christ 
Kingdom  of  Heaven 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen 
Matter  of  fact 


^-X_My  dear  friend 

No,  sir 

Xow  and  then 

On  the  other  hand 
Plaintiffs  counsel 


I-< 


"^^v         Step  by  step 
Well,  sir 


—  -Vi  — 


Whether  or  not 
Why  not 
)        Y.  M.C.  A. 
/Yes,  sir 


J    Yes 


or  no 


5<j_ SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH  Y 

Lesson  Twenty. 

SYLLABICATION  AND  DERIVATION. 

The  student  has  now  completed  the  study  of  the  principles,  in  so 
far  as  the  modification  of  the  consonant  stems  and  the  expression  of 
sounds  are  concerned.  Still  there  are  important  points  to  be  brought 
out  in  this  lesson,  which  govern  the  systematic  application  of  the 
principles  set  forth  in  the  preceding  lessons.  Not  the  least  import- 
ant of  these  points  are  the  explanations  of  the  principles  of  Syllabica- 
tion and  Derivation. 

SYLLABICATION. 

PRINCIPLE  I.  All  words  except  sign-words,  which  are  explained 
in  Lesson  Seventeen,  are  written  in  strict  syllabication.  That  is, 
each  syllable  is  treated  as  though  it  were  a  separate  word,  except  that 
all  the  syllables  of  a  word  are  joined  when  it  is  possible  to  do  so. 

KXI'LANATION. 

All  primitive  or  original  words  are  properly  written  in  strict  ac- 
cordance with  their  syllabic  formation  ;  and  indeed  this  rule  covers 
all  words,  since  the  derivatives  are  formed  from  the  primitive  by  add- 
ing the  characters  which  represent  the  added  sound.  It  is  easier, 
however,  to  write  the  root  word  in  all  cases,  as  though  it  were  the  whole 
word,  and  then,  without  lifting  the  pen,  add  the  ending.  By  the  strict 
observance  of  the  rule  of  syllabication,  a  wonderfully  increased  leg- 
ibility, as  well  as  added  fluency  of  writing  is  gained,  since  it  gives  a 
certain  method  of  writing  all  words,  where,  if  this  method  was  not  a- 
dopted,  several  differing  principles  might  apparently  be  used,  if  desir- 
able, to  form  certain  words,  a  IK!  consequently  many  words  of  differ- 
ing sounds  might  have  similar  outlines,  and  other  words  of  similar 
sounds  might  be  represented  by  varying  outlines.  In  nearly  all  sys- 
tems of  shorthand  the  principles  of  syllabication  are  neglected,  or  car- 


SIMfJ^IFIED    l'llu.\'ot;ii.  I  I'll}'  :, ; 

riecl  out  only  partially,  from  the  numberless  conflicting  rules  and  ex- 
ccptio.is,  as  well  as  the  freqiunt  irregular  use  of  abrcviating  principles, 
on  account  of  which  in  many  cases  no  fixed  rule  can  be  laid  down. 
In  this  system,  however,  the  beautiful  regularity  of  the  principles  ad- 
mit of  its  complete  and  thorough  adoption. 

The  principle  of  syllabication  may  be  briefly  laid  down  as  fol- 
lows: Write  each  syllable  by  itself,  in  strict  accordance  to  the  rules, 
(when  two  principles  apparently  conflict,  it  will  be  found  by  careful- 
ly reading  the  rules  that  only  one  can  be  properly  used),  of  course 
joining  them  together  without  lifting  the  pen.  In  other  words,  write 
the  whole  of  one  syllable  before  commencing  the  next,  the  great 
trouble  with  beginners  being  that  they  try  to  think  of  the  whole  word 
at  once,  instead  of  writing  the  sounds  in  their  regular  order. 

REC.U'lTl'LATION. 

Syllabication,  sometimes  called  syllabification  or  syllabifying,  is 
the  writing  of  words  by  syllables.  In  Simplified  Phonography  alone 
can  this  principle  be  rightly  applied,  and  in  this  system  it  must  be 
used  always.  In  other  words,  always  write  by  syllables.  For  in- 
stance the  word  duplicate  might  be  written  a  dozen  different  ways, 
each  giving  expression  to  all  the  sounds,  but  there  can  be  but  one 
correct  way,  shown  by  the  proper  division  of  the  word  ;  thus,  du- 
pli-cate. 

To  illustrate  the  principle  we  have  prepared    the    following    list 
of  words,  which  should  be  duly  practised  by  the  student: 
Photograph,  fo-to-graf  Neglect,  ne-glect 

Appropriate,  a-pro-pri-at  Article,  art-i-kel 

About,  a-bout  Apparatus,  ap-a-ra-tus 

Klectrotype,  el-ect-ro-tip  Reduce,  re-dus 

Yesterday,  yest-er-da  Cedar,  sed-r    (See    "Close    Sylla- 

bles,"  below.) 

Sufficient,  suf-i-shent  Squander,  sqond-er 

Mental,  ment-al  Agency,  a-jen-si 

Apparent,  a-par-ent  Quarter,  qort-er 


58  SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPHY 

October,  Oct-o-ber  Succeed,  suk-sed 

Success,  suk-ses  Genuine,  jen-yu-in 

Colleague,  kol-leg  Materials,  mat-er-i-als 

CLOSE  SYLLABLES. 

Many  syllables,  usually  final  syllables,  are  what  we  have  termed 
close  syllables.  That  is,  where  the  vowel  is  so  indistinct  that  the  con- 
sonants cannot  be  read  together  without  giving  the  proper  sound. 
In  all  such  cases  the  rule  of  syllabication  does  not  apply,  since  the 
abbreviating  principles  apply  to  such  expression.  Thus,  in  words 
like  often,  happen,  cedar,  latter,  reader,  little,  local,  etc.,  the  hooks 
or  lengthening  or  halving  principles  apply  because  the  reading  of  the 
first  syllable  and  the  addition  of  the  1,  r,  n,  or  other  consonant  ex- 
presses the  word  perfectly.  Thus  read-r,  lat-r,  de-liv-r,  lit-1,  bench-s, 
etc.  On  the  other  hand  when  the  syllable  is  open,  i.  e.,  has  a  fully 
vocalized  vowel,  it  is  an  open  syllable,  and  the  rule  of  syllabication 
applies. 

DERIVATION. 

PRINCIPLE  2.  Any  word  that  is  derived  from  another  must 
contain  the  outline  of  the  original  word  or  that  part  of  it  which  is  ex- 
pressed in  the  derivative  word. 

EXPLANATION. 

All  words  can  be  divided  into  two  classes,  Primitives,  those 
words  which  express  a  simple  idea,  and  Derivatives,  which  are  de- 
rived or  branched  from  that  idea,  and  are  formed  by  adding  certain 
prefixes  or  suffixes.  The  first  class  of  words,  Primitive  are  always 
written  in  strict  accordance  with  the  rules  just  preceding,  unless 
they  are  represented  by  wordsigns ;  the  second  class,  Deriva- 
tives, are  always  formed  by  adding  the  appropriate  prefix  or  suffix  to 
the  original  word,  whether  it  be  a  full  outline  or  a  wordsign,  subject 
to  the  remarks  under  the  heading,  "Close  Syllables." 


SIMPLIFIKlt    l>HO.\'()(;i;.II>HY 


o9 


RECAPITULATION. 

The  principle  which  we  have  termed  "derivation"  is  of  the  ut- 
most importance.  The  rule  is  as  follows:  Write  the  root  or  primi- 
tive-word in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  syllabication,  and  then  add 

the  ending ;  thus, 


KEY   TO    FIRST   LINE. 

Brave  (brav),  bray-er,  brav-ly,  brav-ing,  brav-ery,  bravd,  bravs,  brav- 
ado. 

KEY   TO    SECOND    LINE. 

Print,  prints,  print-er,  print-ing,  print-ed.  Approve  (a-pruv), 
a-pruv-er,  a-pruvs,  a-pruvd,  a-pro-ba-shun. 

As  this  principle  is  best  illustrated  by  example  and  practice  we 
give  a  list  of  illustrative  words,  which  should  be  written  and  rewritten, 
to  fix  the  principle  in  the  mind. 


Tried,  tri-d 
honored,  oner-d 
reference,  refer-ens 
injury,  injer-y 
central,  sentr-al 
bundling,  bundl-ing 
written,  writ-en 
kindling,  kindl-ing 
laid,  la-d 
done,  do-n 
don't,  do-nt 


Strayed,  stra-d 
arrival,  ariv-al 
ably,  abl-y 
retailer,  re-tail-er 
handling,  handl-ing 
hindrance,  hindr-ans 
buttered,  buter-d 
puffed,  puf-d 
probably,  probabl-y 
does,  do-s 
been,  be-n 


no  SIMPLIFIED    PHONOGRAPH? 


AUTHOR'S    REMARKS. 

After  some  of  the  pages  passed  through  the  press,  a  few  typo- 
graphical errors  have  been  discovered,  and  also  a  few  errors  in  the 
engraving.  All  of  these  are  to  be  corrected  in  the  next  edition. 
The  errors  are  mainly  unimportant  ones.  A  few  words  are  given 
under  wrong  exercises,  and  a  few  w's  and  ;/s  are  reversed.  The  lat- 
ter were  overlooked  by  the  author,  and  were  not  the  fault  of  the  en- 
graver, Mr.  Eaton,  to  whom  the  author  hereby  extends  his  hearty 
thanks  for  the  care  and  patience  with  which  the  exercises  have  been 
engraved  by  hand  on  wood. 

The  author  will  be  very  thankful  for  any  notifications  as  to 
errors,  from  any  student  or  reader  of  this  book.  A  list  of  errors  al- 
ready detected  will  be  inserted  in  each  copy  of  the  present  edition. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


FEB1    1951, 

APR9-1957 


'-   -" 


Form  L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 


fTNIVERSlTY  ot 
AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


E36t     Beale  - 
1890     Textbook  of 

simplified 
phonography . 


i        ir>g« 


000 


Z56 

E36t 

1890 


DALLAS, 


